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世界艾滋病日|告别认知误区，快速了解关于艾滋病的10问10答_我的网站

一 |     THE WORLD AIDS DAY     世界艾滋病日          “凝聚社会力量，合力共抗艾滋”          AIDS DAY     世界艾滋病日          2023年12月1日是第36个“世界艾滋病日”，今年我国“世界艾滋病日”的宣传主题为“凝聚社会力量，合力共抗艾滋”。                   一提起艾滋病，几乎所有人都把它与绝症、死亡划上等号，仿佛连这个话题都沾着病毒，让人闻“艾”色变，避之不及。    ARRAS, France -- France will mobilize up to 7,000 soldiers to increase security around the country after a teacher was fatally stabbed and three other people wounded in a school attack by a former student suspected of Islamic radicalization, the president’s office said Saturday.Some children and personnel returned to the Gambetta-Carnot school in the northern city of Arras as it reopened Saturday morning, after a schoolday attack Friday that rattled France in a context of global tensions over the Israel-Hamas war.Counterterrorism authorities are investigating the stabbing, and the suspected assailant and several others are in custody, prosecutors said. The suspect is a Chechen who had attended the school and had been under recent surveillance by intelligence services for radicalization.The government heightened the national threat alert, and President Emmanuel Macron ordered up to 7,000 soldiers deployed by Monday night and until further notice to bolster security and vigilance around France, his office said. The “Attack Emergency” threat posture allows the government to temporarily mobilize the military to protect public places among other measures.At the school Saturday morning, police stood guard as adults and children trickled in. Classes were canceled, but the school reopened for those who wanted to come together or seek support. One mother said she came with her 17-year-old daughter in a show of defiance against extremism, and to overcome the fear of returning to a site where children were locked down for hours after the stabbing.The attacker's exact motive remains unclear, and he is reportedly refusing to speak to investigators.For many in France, the attack echoed the killing of another teacher, Samuel Paty, almost exactly three years ago near his Paris area school. He was beheaded by a radicalized Chechen later killed by police.The suspect in this week's attack had been under surveillance since the summer on suspicion of Islamic radicalization, French intelligence services told the Associated Press. He was detained Thursday for questioning based on the monitoring of his phone calls in recent days, but investigators found no sign that he was preparing an attack, Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said. French intelligence suggested a link between the war in the Middle East and the suspect’s decision to attack, the minister said. He said authorities have detained 12 people near schools or places of worship since the Hamas attack on Israel, some of whom were armed and were preparing to act. France has heightened security at hundreds of Jewish sites around the country this week.The prosecutor said the alleged assailant was a former student there and repeatedly shouted “Allahu akbar,” or “God is great” in Arabic during the attack. Prosecutors are considering charges of terrorism-related murder and attempted murder against the suspect.The dead educator was Dominique Bernard, a French language teacher at the Gambetta-Carnot school, which enrols students ages 11-18. Another teacher and a security guard were in critical condition with wounds from the stabbing, police said. The counterterrorism prosecutor said a cleaning worker was also injured. Announcing that the school would reopen Saturday, Macron urged the people of France to “stay united.”“The choice has been made not to give in to terror,” he said. “We must not let anything divide us, and we must remember that schools and the transmission of knowledge are at the heart of this fight against ignorance.”___Charlton reported from Paris. Nicolas Garriga in Arras and John Leicester in Paris contributed.。在“世界艾滋病日”到来之际，我们一起正确防艾、不恐艾！这10个关于艾滋病的问答，赶紧get一下！          什么是艾滋病？          艾滋病也称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS），是一种危害很大的传染病，由感染艾滋病毒（HIV）引起。         感染HIV后就成为HIV感染者。如果未能及时得到治疗，感染者体内的HIV会通过攻击CD4+T淋巴细胞，破坏人体的免疫系统，最终发展成为艾滋病，危及患者生命。         2023.12.1 · TIME          艾滋病毒如何传播？          艾滋病毒主要通过以下三种方式传播：          1、性传播：如果与HIV感染者发生无保护的性行为，比如未使用避孕套或未正确使用避孕套，那么就有可能感染HIV。         2、血液传播：输入含有HIV的血液或血制品、共用注射器吸毒、使用未经严格消毒的手术、注射、针灸、拔牙、美容等侵入人体的医疗器械可以引起传播。         3、母婴传播：感染了艾滋病毒的妇女可在怀孕、分娩或母乳喂养时将病毒传染给孩子。         哪些接触不会导致艾滋病毒传播？          日常生活中的一些普通社交接触不会感染艾滋病毒，如握手、拥抱、礼节性亲吻、共同进餐、共用餐具、共用洗手池、马桶、毛巾、以及到公共浴池洗澡等，这些行为都是安全的。         除此之外，咳嗽、打喷嚏等也不会导致HIV的传播。         哪些是感染艾滋病毒高危行为？          以下是一些容易感染HIV的高危行为：          ·与陌生人进行无保护措施的性行为          ·与他人共用针头或注射器静脉注射毒品          ·不安全、不规范医疗侵入操作          ·到不正规的纹身店纹身          如何预防艾滋病？          ·避免进行没有保护的性接触，正确的使用避孕套；          ·拒绝毒品并且坚决不与他人共用针具；          ·避免不正规的注射和输血；          ·如果要拔牙、纹身、打耳洞，一定要去消毒严格正规机构；          ·不与他人共用牙刷以及剃须刀等物品；          ·对青少年进行正确性教育；          如何预防艾滋病的母婴传播？          孕妇应该在孕早期接受HIV检测，如果感染了HIV，需要在医生指导下采取适当的抗病毒治疗措施。HIV越早被诊断和治疗，HIV药物就越能有效地防止病毒传染给宝宝。同时，在分娩过程中和产后也要采取必要的防护措施，避免将病毒传给婴儿。         如果可能接触了艾滋病怎么办？          如果发生了高危暴露，可以采取暴露后预防，尽快去相关门诊医院，评估是否需要服用阻断药。抗逆转录病毒药物通常应在接触病毒后的72小时内（越早越好）开始服用，并持续服用药物28天。         什么是艾滋病？          不能仅凭外表来判断一个人是否感染了艾滋病毒，唯一确定的方法是进行HIV检测。         艾滋病潜伏期很长，患者从感染病毒到出现艾滋病相关症状，通常需要经过数年的时间。在这个阶段，感染者的外表与健康人看起来一样，可以没有任何症状地生活和工作多年，但他们仍然具有传染性。         得了艾滋病，还可以结婚生子吗？          经过规范的抗病毒治疗后，病毒载量抑制成功的患者，在专业医生指导下，可以结婚生子。         艾滋病可以治愈吗？          目前在全世界范围内仍缺乏根治HIV感染和艾滋病的有效药物。

二 | 现阶段的治疗目标是：最大限度和持久的降低病毒载量；获得免疫功能重建和维持免疫功能；提高生活质量；降低HIV相关疾病的发病率和死亡率。         参考文献：          [1]https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids          [2]https://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/zl/azb/jszl_2219/202211/t20221111_262074.html。

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