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国产“深海空间站”80米海底成功换刀_我的网站

一 |       8月17日，在中铁十四局承建的甬舟铁路金塘海底隧道宁波侧80米深处，我国首台盾构饱和带压进仓设备“深海空间站”在7.8巴水压下完成104把刀具检查、更换，创下我国盾构带压进仓最大压力纪录。

二 |   金塘海底隧道是甬舟铁路全线控制性工程，横跨宁波与舟山之间的金塘水道，全长16.18公里，海底盾构段11.21公里，是世界最长海底高铁隧道。    Breakthrough new research could significantly increase supply of organs for people with rarer blood types waiting for a transplant, reported The Guardian.,A team of scientists from the University of Cambridge have successfully altered the blood type of three donor kidneys. By flushing blood infused with a special enzyme through a human kidney the scientists removed the blood type markers lining the blood vessels of the organ.,The procedure required using a device that is connected with a donor’s kidney to pass oxygenated blood through it - a normothermic perfusion machine. As a result, the organ was converted to type O, considered the universal donor.,Blood Group Compatible,As the blood type of a donor must be compatible with the recipient’s, the new development could increase the supply of kidneys available for transplant.,A kidney from someone with blood type A cannot be transplanted to someone with blood type B, or visa versa. In such a case, the receiving body’s immune system would reject the new organ, interpreting the different blood type as foreign.,So changing the blood type to the universal O would mean the donor organ could be used for people with any blood type.,“Our confidence was really boosted after we applied the enzyme to a piece of human kidney tissue and saw very quickly that the antigens were removed. After this, we knew that the process is feasible, and we just had to scale up the project to apply the enzyme to full-size human kidneys,” Serena MacMillan, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge, said.,Scientists involved in the research, funded by charity Kidney Research UK and due to be published in the British Journal of Surgery, clarified that the outcome might have particular implications for minority ethnic groups.,Science & TechGood News for ABs: Scientists Can Now Change People's Blood Type21 February, 16:34 GMT,Some blood groups such as O Rh positive and B Rh positive are more prevalent among black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. To complicate matters further, some rare blood types are only found within the black, Asian and minority ethnic communities,This typically places them at a disadvantage, as they struggle to find a match. With low donation rates from these populations, stressed the researchers, sometimes such patients wait for as long as over a year for a compatible donor. They cited figures from 2020-21 showing that just over 9% of total organ donations in the UK came from black and minority ethnic donors. On the other hand, black and minority ethnic patients make up 33% of the kidney transplant waiting list.,“It’s very exciting to think about how this could potentially impact so many lives,” added Serena MacMillan.,The “potentially gamechanging” research was applauded by Dr Aisling McMahon, the executive director of research at Kidney Research UK.,The scientists will now test the reintroduction of other blood types and observe how the novel approach in clinical settings.。“甬舟号”盾构机负责宁波侧4940米掘进任务，需穿越24次软硬交替地层，硬岩、软硬不均地层占比近七成，岩石最高强度达191兆帕。隧道最低点位于海平面下92米，极限水土压力高达8.5巴，尤其是压力超6巴的高水压区段长达2000米。

三 |   在这种地质条件下，“甬舟号”刀具磨损极快，掘进途中必须多次停机换刀。

四 | 针对海底高压换刀难题，中铁十四局联合交通运输部上海打捞局历时3年，自主研发国产首台盾构饱和带压作业设备“深海空间站”。设备包含宁海（生活）舱、探海（穿梭）舱、镇海（控制）舱等全套自主化功能模块，最大设计作业深度100米。  “与其他带压作业方式需要经历循环往复的加压减压过程相比，饱和带压作业技术通过科学的气体配比，让作业人员一次性加压至与海底掌子面相同的高压环境后，体内惰性气体溶解达到饱和状态，能够长期驻留于宁海（生活）舱内。

五 | ”中铁十四局甬舟铁路金塘海底隧道项目负责人胡浩介绍。  “深海空间站”此前已完成首次实战应用，9名作业人员在75米深海驻留22天，累计更换刀具46把。相较于首次作业，此次换刀难度全方位升级，环境深度达到80米。随着换刀作业的全面完成，全体作业人员已返回宁海（生活）舱，进入为期3天的梯度减压流程。  目前，“甬舟号”盾构机已掘进3936米，完成掘进任务的近八成。后续项目团队将系统总结施工数据，形成标准化安全管控体系，推动该技术规范化、可复制推广，为我国深埋跨海通道、深层地下空间开发储备自主核心技术。（记者夏凡 通讯员赵荣发）。

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